Holding beliefs without evidence Skepticism Socratic method Copywriting
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uses informal logic -
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Structure
- claims/premises - things in support of the conclusion
- main claim/conclusion - result, proposed truth of an aurgument
- aurgument - an informal thesis or one without structure
- esis
- Thesis - proposed conclusion of an aurgument
- starting point for analysis
- Antithesis - opposing force or contradiction
- Identifies problems or limitations in the thesis
- Challenges assumptions & reveals weaknesses
- Synthesis - The resulting higher level of understanding
- Combines thesis & antithesis
- refined perspective that addresses original contradictions
- Thesis - proposed conclusion of an aurgument
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vocabs
- valid - Premises are related to the conclusion
- Sound - Valid + premises are considered true
- = the aurgument is true
- interlocutors - people partecipating in the debate
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types sorted on quality DESC
- Deduction - certainty & truth based on known truths
- the premises are true
- thus garantees the conclusion as truth if the aurgument is sound and valid
- Induction - “high” probability of truth based on the past
- the premises has been truth in the past
- thus gives probablity of truth to the conclusion
- Abduction - inference to best explanation
- based on current knowledge & state of events
- kills most unlikely explanations until you remain with the most likely ones
- Deduction - certainty & truth based on known truths
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Common ways to mess up
- Biases and Fallacies
- analogies - deceiving (for interlocutors) and too simplistic
- if anything about something could be explained with a “related” simplified example, the aurgument would probably not even be worth to discuss
- people forget that the analogy needs to be highly related while trying not to oversimplify stuff
- it’s great for dumb people who feel like an analogy is enough to understand the entirety of the argument, but then you’d need to defend yourself for manipulating people :D
